DANVILLE - Consistently damp weather conditions have created yet another threat for rain-weary central Pennsylvanians - West Nile virus.
West Nile virus is an infection transmitted by mosquitoes. While some who become infected with the virus experience mild or no symptoms, others develop a life-threatening illness that includes inflammation of the brain, known as West Nile encephalitis.
"Mild signs and symptoms of a West Nile virus infection generally go away on their own," said Dr. Lisa Esolen, systems director, Infection Control, Geisinger Health System. "But severe signs and symptoms - such as a severe headache, high fever, disorientation or sudden weakness - require immediate medical attention."
When someone is infected with West Nile virus, they will typically have one of three outcomes: no symptoms, which is the most likely; West Nile fever, which occurs in about 20 percent of people, or severe West Nile disease, which can affect the nervous system.
In the neurologic form of the infection, the brain or spinal cord may be involved, leading to headache, confusion or paralysis. This form of West Nile infection only occurs in less than 1 percent of those who get infected, Esolen said.
"There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus," she added. "Mild infections go away on their own, while severe cases of nervous system infection are treated with supportive care in a hospital, which can include intravenous fluids and prevention of secondary infections."
West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes have been found in the central Susquehanna Valley in the aftermath of Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee, and the state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) has plans to spray in order to kill the insects. Exposure to mosquitoes where West Nile virus exists increases one's risk of becoming infected.
People over the age of 50 or who have a weakened immune system are more vulnerable, Esolen said.
"Even if you are infected, your risk of developing a serious West Nile virus-related illness is extremely small and most people who do become sick recover fully," Esolen said. "However, it is better to be safe by reducing your risk of being bitten by mosquitoes in the first place."